Overview of
Photosynthesis: 2 of 3

In plants, photosynthesis begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins held inside chloroplasts. Pigments within the chloroplasts capture energy through various light reactions that occur along thylakoid membranes. Along with the energy capturing process, sugars are produced by a series of light-independent (or dark) reactions called the Calvin cycle. All of this activity occurs in the stroma, a fluid within the chloroplast.

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The above video shows a diagram illustrating how photosynthesis occurs within a chloroplast cell. From sunlight, the light reaction is shown taking place within one of many cylinder-like thylakoid stacks located throughout the inner membrane of the Chloroplast. The Calvin cycle is then demonstrated by a revolving circular motion, also taking place within the fluid of the same inner membrane.